The Presidency of FDR Essay Example For Students

The Presidency of FDR Essay In 1932, Americans understood that they had an inexorably incredible money related issue on their hands, and attempted to address it bycentralizing influence. The President procured so much force that the country nearly turned into a socialism, particularly with Roosevelts presentation of the New Deal. At the point when Franklin Roosevelt became President of the United States in 1933, the country was in the profundities of the most noticeably awful gloom it had ever experienced. President Roosevelt, a vigorous and eager individual, roused the individuals with his own certainty and confidence later on. He assembled a gathering of individuals sharing his perspectives to support him, and gave food, attire, and sanctuary for many jobless and destitution stricken Americans. This was a piece of what he called the New Deal, of which his three destinations were help, recuperation, and change for American residents. In another endeavor at recuperation, Congress endeavored to restore the countries agribusiness and industry and spot the economy on a strong establishment. They printed additional cash to advance to ventures that immediately took care of it. By 1933 almost 14 million Americans were jobless. Accordingly, the Roosevelt organization promptly propelled what appeared at an opportunit y to be a great program of direct alleviation. In 2 years, government organizations circulated 3 billion dollars to the states. In any case, the individuals jobless needed occupations, not government assistance, subsequently the Works Progress Administration (WPA) appeared. This reestablished a portion of the lost positions. By 1936, the New Deal program confronted a huge and developing group of restriction, some from inside the Democratic Party itself. Numerous pundits felt that the administration was meddling a lot with the free undertaking framework, and in doing as such, was undermining independence and majority rule government. This retention of intensity by the president is what is known as the Imperial Presidency. Before the finish of 1938, the resistance had become so solid that President Roosevelt chose to defer other huge changes he had been thinking about. We will compose a custom article on The Presidency of FDR explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now Endless boards were made to manage the issues of the time, and the President was in charge of every one of them. Allthis power that the President gained made the official branch become enlarged. World War II likewise provoked the administration to enroll many, numerous Americans into the military. Since the President has completecontrol over the military, a more noteworthy armed force gave him more force. The president additionally had command over the government police. Be that as it may, with all the assembling that needed to happen to oblige for all the necessities of war, numerous new thoughts came without hesitation. So as to support the economy, power was promptly and drastically brought together, and the administration presented the strategies of cost also, asset distribution, wage value controls, and forbiddance of strikes. Cost in addition to and asset designation gave the administration much capacity to control enterprises. The legislature would retain certain crude materia ls from organizations except if they were utilizing them to make war utilities. In any case, on the off chance that they chose to concur with the administration, they could set the costs for their items and bring in additional cash. Pay and value controls were another strategy for the legislature to support industry. The administration would expand the cost for which a maker must sell his products and the base wages admissible for various sorts of laborers. This satisfied everybody on the grounds that the main individual enduring along these lines was the buyer or for this situation, the legislature. After the Second World War, a virus war with the Soviet Union started. President Roosevelt foreseen that this virus war would bankrupt the Soviet association in their attempting to exceed Americas weapon creation. Along these lines the United States needed to distribute a lot of its creation into yet more weapon assembling and exploration. With the administration controlling all of Americas yield, economy, and industry, the country had moved from a free enterprise economy to almost a communismAmericans social rights had additionally been altered in the disorder brought about by the Great Depression, World War II, and the Cold War with Russia. The social unrest during the 1960s fulfilled numerous individuals, yet in addition gave superfluous capacity to the administration, particularly the president. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 disavowed the privilege of states to pick who gets the chance to cast a ballot, and let the national government choose. The Roe versus Wade case put command o ver fetus removal into bureaucratic hands, and Brown versus the Board of Education let the national government control isolation in schools and different circumstances. The country has begun moving back toward the path from which it preceded World War II, however as of not long ago has not straightened out totally. Time and exertion, be that as it may, may move a portion of the administrations and presidents power obtained during the 20s go into resident hands.

Free Essays on Man Of La Mancha

I read the play â€Å"The Man Of La Mancha† by Dale Wasserman, Joe Darion and Mitch Leigh. The Man Of La Mancha is set in the age of the Spanish Inquisition in Spain. The set starts in a damp jail cell scene loaded up with detainees that anticipate judgment of the skipper of the Inquisition. A man named Cervantes enters with his man worker with an enormous chest and puts himself down in the cell to anticipate his destiny. The detainees see the chest and exploit to plunder through and get some extravagance things yet the chest is topped with wigs and make-off. An appointed authority shows up to address Cervantes and offer him a chance to argue his case. Cervantes says that his case would best be portrayed in a play. The request the detainees to assume the jobs of the individuals he experiences and has his man worker play Sancho, while Cervantes plays Don Quixote. Wear Quixote and Sancho are riding on ponies along a stretch of parkway when Quixote runs over a windmill that he ac cepts is a monster while Sancho lets him know more than once that it’s a windmill. Quixote runs off and gets pounded by the windmill and creeping back in front of an audience makes sense of that he was just crushed on the grounds that he was never appropriately named a knight. He sees what he believes is a manor out there when truly it’s a hotel. They show up at the motel and Quixote goes gaga for the nearby prostitute Aldonza. He moves toward the landlord thinking he is a duke and requests to be knighted so the owner remorsefully does this and Quixote is a knight in his eyes now. The couple set off in look for experience when they discover none they come back to the motel when the knight of the mirrors shows up to show Quixote that he isn't a knight and is simply a crazed elderly person. Quixote falls and is breast fed back to wellbeing by his niece and Aldonza, yet he is persuaded that he is a typical man, until Sancho sings a tune that they sang together on their un dertakings and understands that he truly is the chivalrous knight D... Free Essays on Man Of La Mancha Free Essays on Man Of La Mancha I read the play â€Å"The Man Of La Mancha† by Dale Wasserman, Joe Darion and Mitch Leigh. The Man Of La Mancha is set in the age of the Spanish Inquisition in Spain. The set starts in a wet jail cell scene loaded up with detainees that anticipate judgment of the skipper of the Inquisition. A man named Cervantes enters with his man worker with a huge chest and puts himself down in the cell to anticipate his destiny. The detainees see the chest and exploit to plunder through and get some extravagance things yet the chest is topped with wigs and make-off. An adjudicator shows up to address Cervantes and offer him a chance to argue his case. Cervantes says that his case would best be depicted in a play. The request the detainees to assume the jobs of the individuals he experiences and has his man hireling play Sancho, while Cervantes plays Don Quixote. Wear Quixote and Sancho are riding on ponies along a stretch of thruway when Quixote runs over a windmill that he accepts is a ma mmoth while Sancho lets him know more than once that it’s a windmill. Quixote runs off and gets walloped by the windmill and slithering back in front of an audience makes sense of that he was just crushed in light of the fact that he was never appropriately named a knight. He sees what he believes is a palace out there when in all actuality it’s a hotel. They show up at the hotel and Quixote begins to look all starry eyed at the neighborhood prostitute Aldonza. He moves toward the owner reasoning he is a duke and requests to be knighted so the landlord remorsefully does this and Quixote is a knight in his eyes now. The team set off in look for experience when they discover none they come back to the motel when the knight of the mirrors shows up to show Quixote that he isn't a knight and is just a crazed elderly person. Quixote falls and is breast fed back to wellbeing by his niece and Aldonza, however he is persuaded that he is an ordinary man, until Sancho sings a mel ody that they sang together on their experiences and understands that he truly is the courageous knight D...

Differences in competencies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Contrasts in abilities - Essay Example These distinctions rising can be plainly observed at different patient are circumstances for instance varieties in ways to deal with dynamic or medical attendant consideration. One patient consideration circumstance that brings out contrasts in nursing care among ADN and BSN medical caretakers is heart care units. Baccalaureate nursing care approaches incorporate benevolence, estimations of self-governance, uprightness, social equity, human pride and genuine respect for all patients. Their nursing practice incorporate sickness avoidance, wellbeing advancement, early location of human wellbeing deviation, speedy and sufficient treatment of interminable and intense ailments just as caring consideration for individuals approaching demise. Because of their preparation, BSN medical caretakers can react to additionally requesting tolerant consideration errands like those saw in the heart care units. Johnson (1988) express that BSNs are related with lower paces of inability to-protect and d eath rates. These can be credited to their great nursing care approaches like speedy and satisfactory treatment of incessant and intense sicknesses. Research directed in different cardiovascular consideration units uncover that there were 4.9 less passings for each 1000 patients in those medical clinic escalated care units (ICUs) where an enormous extent of attendants had a bachelor’s qualification (Van lair Heede, 2009). ... These show more elevated level of clinical help among the BSNs contrasted with different kinds of medical caretakers like the ADNs. An accentuation on empathetic consideration for patients show a more elevated level of advancement of human nobility among the BSN medical caretakers. BSNs make a higher usage of conventions or care maps so as to manage tolerant advancement during their hospitalization period. This presents a logical and increasingly orderly nursing approaches among the BSN. In their endeavors to expand on understanding independence and human nobility, BSNs accentuate on showing patients on how abilities for dealing with themselves according to their kind of ailment or prescription, and receiving a sound way of life. Accentuation on solid ways of life is a consolidation of avoidance measures with treatment. It forestalls the movement of the malady or development of different illnesses that can intensify the current condition. Because of their degree of training, the BSNs have a more significant level of aptitude when contrasted with the ADNs. It ought to be noticed that BSNs take four years to get their Bachelor of Science in Nursing degree while the ADNs take 2-3 years to get their degree. BSNs embrace their examinations in colleges and senior schools while ADNs attempt their investigations in junior colleges. Because of their degrees of aptitude, the BSNs are increasingly skillful case the board when contrasted with ADNs. This is can likewise be connected to their significant levels of logical, basic reasoning and administration abilities. Because of the prevalent degree of competency among the BSN, ADNs can work under BSN and however the BSN can't work under the BSN. BSNs are more capacitated in working under an assortment of inpatient and outpatient conditions when contrasted with

Change a Column Name in MySQL

Change a Column Name in MySQL In the event that you previously made your MySQL database, and you choose sometime later that one of the segments is named inaccurately, you dont need to expel it and include a substitution; you can basically rename it. Renaming a Database Column You rename a segment in MySQL utilizing the ALTER TABLE and CHANGE commands together to change a current segment. For instance, say theâ column is at present named Soda, yet you conclude that Beverage isâ a increasingly suitable title. The section is situated on the table entitled Menu. Here is a case of how to transform it: Adjust TABLE menu CHANGE soft drink refreshment varchar(10) ; In a genericâ form, where you substitute your terms, this is: Adjust TABLE tablename CHANGE oldname newname varchar(10) ; About VARCHAR The VARCHAR(10) in the models can change to be fitting for your section. VARCHAR is a character string of variable length. The greatest length-in this exampleâ it is 10-demonstrates the most extreme number of characters you need to store in the segment. VARCHAR(25) could hide away to 25 characters. Different Uses for ALTER TABLE The ALTER TABLE command can likewise be utilized to add another section to a table or to expel a whole segment and every one of its information from a table. For instance, to include a segment use: Change TABLE table_nameADD column_name datatype To erase a section, use: Change TABLE table_nameDROP COLUMN column_nameâ You can likewise make changes to a segments size and type in MySQL.

Torts Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Torts Law - Essay Example state of the angling gear, the specialist organization neglected it in an easygoing way saying no untoward occurrence had occurred in the previous 25 years for the most part without focusing on the specific pontoon and hardware. It isn't the situation of the specialist co-op that regardless of whether the angling gear had been in acceptable condition, the mishap couldn't have been turned away given the reality snaring of such a tremendous fish is fit for prompting such an inevitability as not a predictable hazard and nearness of fish in that beach front region is an uncommon wonder. Thus the Family Friendly Vessel’s proprietor is plainly liable for the wounds endured by Mickey’s spouse June and his little girl Gina. Ruler Atkin in Donoghue v Stevenson1 (1932) set out that in tortious obligation because of carelessness, the above necessities of obligation of care, penetrate of that obligation and misfortune and harm because of that break ought to be met. Truth be told Do noghue body of evidence offers freedom to continue against the individuals who are not conscious of the agreement not at all like in the current case wherein there was unquestionably an agreement that existed between Family Friendly Fishing and the Mickey family. Henceforth it is even more suitable to hold the vessel proprietor straightforwardly at risk to June and Gina for misfortune they have endured. This standard set down in Donohue v Stevenson was embraced in Australia in Grant v Australian Knitting Mills and Another.2, however both were from the House of Lords. The Family Friendly Fishing can not keep away from the harms under the appearance of the inborn hazard associated with such hazardous games in light of the fact that, yet for the deformity this setback would not have happened. The res ipsa loquitur tenet can not act the hero of Family Friendly Fishing. The regulation is comprehended as â€Å"Control [by the litigant manufacturer] during the procedure of assembling was adequate, when the offended party has killed himself and different superfluous powers as likely reasons for the injury†3 They had the obligation of

Just for When

Just for When Too often we cling to the things we own just in case we might need them someday. Of course, someday rarely arrives, and yet we continue to clutch tightly to the excess in our basements, attics, closets, junk drawers, and storage facilitiesâ€"just in case. Just. In. Case. The three most dangerous words in the English language. They encourage us to stockpile our junk as if its essential. In reality, though, we can give ourselves permission to jettison the junk because we can replace nearly all of our just-in-case items for less than $20 in less than 20 minutes with the 20/20 Rule. However, there are a few things were certain well use in a definitive future. We call these belongings just-for-when items. Nobody purchases their toilet paper one square at a time, their soap one droplet at a time, their toothpaste one nurdle at a time. We buy a small stock of each of these products just for when well need them. The key to letting go, then, is to be honest about the trinkets were clinging to just in case we might need them and the goods we acquire just for when we will need them. If we do this properly, our excess begins to look a lot like junk, and its easier to unload. Subscribe to The Minimalists via email.

Consciousness Language in George Orwells 1984 - Free Essay Example

Newspeak is the official language of Oceania. It is the depletion of words. The Party wanted to make it impossible to commit thoughtcrimes by literally erasing all of the negative words that one would use. Oldspeak is what Winston and the proles spoke in. By 1984, most people had abandoned Oldspeak. The Party did not bother teaching the proles the new language because they didn’t care about them. The proles have a conscience but they are not conscience of their consciousness. Winston could not bring himself to use Newspeak because he still had a sense of emotions that did not exist in Newspeak. Winston can still remember and thinks he can feel a sense of family, love, and guilt. The only emotions other people felt were pain, hatred and loyalty to the Party. Speaking in Oldspeak was a sign of consciousness. Throughout the book Winston grew to a stronger sense of awareness. The memories he began to acquire made him realize the lies the Party told. Winston was able to recall h is memories because he used language and thought. The party believed Proles and animals are free. They were free to use thought and Oldspeak. They are somewhat conscious of themselves. Proles don’t care about anything the Party would call important, so they are allowed to think what they want without having to fear the Party. They are allowed to think what they want. They are allowed to marry whom they want and spend their time how they please. This leads the reader to assume that although they are not educated, they have some sort of decision making process. Even if they do not make use of it they have it. On page 71, the book explains that the Proles needed to be kept in subjection, but they were not necessarily watched. The Party felt no need to keep to harsh of a watchful eye on them because they weren’t smart enough to be a threat to the Party; and if one had become risk, one would be killed. The way they were controlled was being occupied by beer and gambli ng. The Proles were free to marry whom they wanted. This shows they are conscious of feelings towards another Human being. They have a sense family. They did not call each other comrades like the Party. They raised their children without preparing them for the Party. This meant that the children were less likely to turn on their parents. The Party did not marry a person based on their emotional feelings, they married someone convenient. In fact, Party members were not allowed to marry if they had been attracted to their partner. On page 70, Winston writes in his diary, â€Å"Until they become conscious they will never rebel, and until after they have rebelled they cannot become conscious†. Winston believes they are not free. You cannot be liberated without consciousness. Therefore, the Proles will never be conscious. However, the proles are conscious because they speak in Oldspeak, they just have a different type of consciousness than Winston. They are conscious of maki ng decisions such as choosing a spouse. They own their own businesses and spend their days how they please. Winston is conscious in a different way. He is aware of the lies of the Party. On page 135 he says, â€Å"In this game we are playing, we can’t win†. Winston is conscious that the Party will always prevail. He doesn’t know how much control they can actually have yet, but he knows eventually him and Julia will lose. They know it is a matter of time before they are found out by the Thought Police. He acknowledges that by saying, â€Å"we are dead†. She replies, â€Å"we are not dead yet†. He knows that the Party will always win but that they are always wrong. He has memories from before the Revolution, before the Party ruled. He knows things that the Party says are wrong. For example, when they tell the people that they have always been at war with Eurasia, they believe it. Although just the day before they knew they were at peace with Euras ia and their enemy was Eastasia. This is because the people of Oceania used Double Think. Winston was conscious of Double Think and therefore knew he could not believe two contradictory ideas. When Winston was captured by the Though Police he was forced to â€Å"relearn† everything. Once Winston succumbs to O’Brien by giving in to double thinking and the Party, he loses his consciousness. Winston wonders if he is the insane one since he finds himself to be the only one to have these thoughts. Winston is conscious of how the Party uses language to manipulate the people. He understands that, for example, â€Å"war† and â€Å"peace† are two contradictory ideas. The Party, however does not. This is how Winston is different than the Party. He understands Double Think. He knows that in language there is something greater then orthodoxy. Winston longs to be able to think and behave how he pleases. Orthodoxy is the main belief of the Party. Fully sharing in their beliefs and views is the ultimate form of unconsciousness. Almost everything that the Party said was a lie or a contradictory. For example their slogans, â€Å"WAR IS PEACE. FREEDOM IS SLAVERY. IGNORANCE IS STRENGTH†. Certainly we can see how ridiculous these statements are but to the Party members they made perfect sense. The slogans are normal to them because they don’t understand what â€Å"peace†, â€Å"freedom†, or â€Å"strength† truly means. Peace never existed because they were always at war with someone. No one is free, they cannot even think freely without getting found by the Thought Police. The strength and power was held entirely by the Inner Party. The government manipulated the people by using mind games and word play. An announcement plays explaining that the chocolate ration will be raised to twenty grams a week. The day before the announcement said that the ration will be reduced to twenty grams. No one caught it besi des Winston. Everyone accepts whatever is fed to them by the Party. The depletion of language parallels the idea of the depletion of consciousness. Human beings have the ability to think in language. If we are not capable of language then we are not truly conscious. The Party’s goal was to eliminate words to make thoughtcrime impossible. If there were no words to express it, they believed, then no one would be able toconvey it. Syme tells Winston, â€Å"the whole aim of Newspeak is to narrow the range of thought† (53). If language is being narrowed, then consciousness is being decreased. Winston understands this, therefore, he cannot bring himself to speak the new language. The people do not even think when they speak. They speak with their mouths not with their brains. Winston calls it, â€Å"noise uttered in unconsciousness, like the quacking of a duck† (58). They don’t know what they are even saying because no words have real meanings. People don ’t feel any complex emotions. They cannot even think what they want because their opinions will be known to the Thought Police. To indoctrinate the children to be loyal to the Party, they were only taught Newspeak. This made them easy targets of manipulation. They grew up never learning love for their family members or â€Å"comrades†. The Party wants the people like this so that no one will share ideas. If you are intimate with another person, you will feel comfortable to share ideas with one another. The people could not even choose a spouse whom they were attracted to because loyalty and love was to be felt for Big Brother only. This made the people easy to control. Power was the most important thing to the Party. When a person was caught committing a Though Crime, they were not captured to be punished, they were captured to be â€Å"cured†. The Party would drain the person until there was nothing left, and then they would fill their minds with the beliefs of Big Brother, and they would truly become unconscious. Works Cited Orwell, George. 1984. New York: New American Library, July 1950.

The Movie, The Joy Luck Club, By Amy Tan - 1563 Words

In the movie, the Joy Luck Club, by Amy Tan, we see many examples of the challenges of intercultural translations. The movie portrays cultural conflict between Chinese culture and the American culture as portrayed by the lives of four mothers and their daughters. The mothers were born and raised in China, adopting the high-content Chinese culture, while their daughters, born and raised in America, adopted the low-context American culture. This movie clearly brings out the cultural clashes and conflicts between the high context Chinese culture and the low context American culture. As a student studying Intercultural Communications, films can be a great resource. Often showing interaction between people from different cultures, the advantage of films is that they can highlight, focus, entertain and inspire us in ways that help us become more thoughtful about the people and cultures that we encounter. (Quast, B.) This is a film analysis of the cultural clashes and communication challenges that exists due to cultural differences between the mothers and their daughters. The most pronounced cultural elements expressed in the Joy Luck Club are the ideas of obedience and shame, fate and destiny, the purpose of marriage, the challenges between high context and low context cultures, and the power of language, all of which are communicated in the opening monologue. In America, I will have a daughter just like me. But over there, nobody will say her worth is measured... by theShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Book The Joy Luck Club 1700 Words   |  7 Pagesinitially appear incongruous, they are all depicted in the book The Joy Luck Club by Amy Tan and The Joy Luck Club film directed by Wayne Wang. Both modes of interpretation show how the mothers help their daughters solve their problems by explaining the formers’ pasts. However, while the book leaves each of the daughters’ stories open ended, the film boldly creates a ‘happy ever after’ ending for the daughters. In both the movie and book, there are powerful bonds between the mothers and daughtersRead MoreEssay on Understanding the Mothers in Amy Tans The Joy Luck Club1044 Words   |  5 PagesUnderstanding the Mothers in The Joy Luck Club      Ã‚  Ã‚   In America, it is common to take mothers for granted and reject the advice they try to give. Generally, their attempt to give advice is considered as an intrusion into our lives and our privacy. In The Joy Luck Club, Amy Tan tries to get the reader to take a step back and see the good intentions behind our mothers actions.    In the stories told by Jing-Mei, Tan weaves in flashbacks and memories of Jing-Meis own childhood experiencesRead MoreThe Joy Luck Club1447 Words   |  6 Pageswave of immigration to the United States took place bringing with it a new classification of American. However due to the intimidating cultural and social standards of the United States assimilation was inevitable. In reading Amy Tans thought provoking novel The Joy Luck Club, I am reminded of what has been termed for many decades as the American Dream. Based on the foundations of the Declaration of Independence, this dream entails the idea that we are all, regardless of race or creed, entitledRead More Bond between Mothers and Daughters in Amy Tans The Joy Luck Club1759 Words   |  8 PagesBond between Mothers and Daughters Explored in The Joy Luck Club      Ã‚  Ã‚   Throughout the novel, The Joy Luck Club, author Amy Tan explores the issues of   tradition and change and the impact they have on the bond between mothers and daughters. The theme is developed through eight women that tell their separate stories, which meld into four pairs of mother-daughter relationships.    The Chinese mothers, so concentrated on the cultures of their own, dont want to realize what is going onRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book The Joy Luck Club 937 Words   |  4 Pagesup together. Towards the end of the novel, a gathered opinion can be made on the three characters true to all the viewpoints. The Joy Luck Club is a movie, based off a novel written by Amy Tan, displaying the struggles of a group of Chinese women and their daughters. The women grew like a family when they moved from China to San Francisco. The woman in the joy luck club all experienced rape, domestic violence or being abandoned by their family early in adulthood. Christina, Ida and Suyuan all liveRead More Movie Essays - Comparing the Novel and Film Version of Joy Luck Club1811 Words   |  8 PagesComparing the Novel and Film Version of Joy Luck Club   Ã‚   Wayne Wangs adaptation of Amy Tans Joy Luck Club combines literary and cinematic devices by adopting the novels narrative techniques and strengthening them through image and sound. The adaptation exemplifies not a destruction or abuse of Amy Tans novel, but the emergence of a new work of art, not hindered but enhanced by the strengths of its literary precursor.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Incorporating her familys own experiences as ChineseRead More Comparing Tradition and Change in Amy Tans The Kitchen Gods Wife and The Joy Luck Club3168 Words   |  13 PagesTradition and Change in The Kitchen Gods Wife and The Joy Luck Club  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚   Throughout the novels The Kitchen Gods Wife and The Joy Luck Club, author Amy Tan conveys the message of tradition and change. Each novel contains sections about mothers talking and relating their stories to their daughters. The daughters in The Joy Luck Club hear stories about loss and happiness, and joy and hate. Each of the four mothers tell these stories to their daughters as lessons, or offerings for theirRead MoreThe Joy Luck Club By Amy Tan Essay913 Words   |  4 PagesThe Joy Luck Club is the first novel by Amy Tan, published in 1989. The Joy Luck Club is about a group of Chinese women that share family stories while they play Mahjong. When the founder of the club, Suyuan Woo, died, her daughter June replaced her place in the meetings. In her first meeting, she finds out that her lost twin sisters were alive in China. Before the death of Suyuan, the other members of the club located the address of June’s half-sisters. After that, they send June to tell h er half-sistersRead MoreTheme Of Love In The Joy Luck Club1029 Words   |  5 Pagesworld. It knows no law, no pity, it dares all things, and crushes down remorselessly all that stands in its path.† This quote relates perfectly to The Joy Luck Club, which skillfully explores the relationships of different mother, daughter pairs, illuminating the different ways love affects these relations. Throughout the novel The Joy Luck Club, Amy Tan displays how different forms of love in the stories not only show how mothers love their daughters, and vise versa, but also display how the love loveRead MoreHollywood Writers And Directors Do Not Have Essay1262 Words   |  6 Pagesresponsibility to avoid stereotyping ethnic characters A successful movie is decided by gross revenue of the movie. Most writers and directors base on the world s histories, the reality society, and the favorite people s style to make their successful movies. Indeed, the writers are responsible for writing the script. Once they have handed over the script that is pretty much the end of their creative involvement with the movie. The directors control film s artistic and dramatic aspects, and visualizes

The Demonstration Of Leadership Style - 1569 Words

Demonstration of leadership style can be either formal or informal. A formal leader is one that is selected and given authority by the hospital management to make decisions and act (Kozier et al, 2010). They are in a position of leadership thus includes the charge nurse, resource nurse, and the manager. They create shared vision, build trusting relationship through communication and initiating transformation and democracy through role directing and being role defined (Ezziane, 2012). The informal leader includes all other nurses or health care workers that are not officially appointed to direct activities of others but plays an important role in influencing colleagues to achieve the group s goals (Kozier et al, 2010). These leaders are followers as well as learners on the unit. It includes all health care workers. Informal leader s role is implemented when RPN nurses seek help from the RN in hanging some medication due to their scope of practice. They fully engage others and collabor ate with other RN nurses when needed. They call on RPN nurses and nursing students present on the unit to come and learn. Informal leaders are relational, issue- defined and situational (Ezziane, 2012). In my clinical setting, an informal role is more predominant than a formal role leadership. According to Ezziane, (2012) informal leadership are more appropriate to provide high-quality services, promote creativity and innovation Formal and informal roles both create interdependence betweenShow MoreRelatedLeadership : The New Ceo Of A Executive Team1300 Words   |  6 PagesLeadership Leaders are conceptual thinkers and must think in the abstract. Decisions made by leaders are non-programmed decisions, which have never been made before, in respect to the direction in which the leader intends to take the organization into the future. The leader is hired by the Board of Directors (BOD) to maximize the wealth of the stockholders whom they represent. The leaders planning horizon is generally three years and beyond, depending on the employment contract signed. The BODRead MoreLeading Organizational Change : Tragedy Or Transformation1287 Words   |  6 PagesLeading Organizational Change Cornelius Cash Grand Canyon University LDR825-Organizational Change: Tragedy or Transformation August 10, 2016 Leadership Leaders are conceptual thinkers and must think in the abstract. Decisions made by leaders are non-programmed decisions, which have never been made before, in respect to the direction in which the leader intends to take the organization into the future. The leader is hired by the Board of Directors (BOD) to maximize the wealth of the stockholdersRead MoreLeading Organizational Change : Tragedy Or Transformation1294 Words   |  6 Pages Leading Organizational Change Cornelius Cash Grand Canyon University LDR825-Organizational Change: Tragedy or Transformation August 10, 2016 Leadership Leaders are conceptual thinkers and must think in the abstract. Decisions made by leaders are non-programmed decisions, which have never been made before, regarding the direction in which the leader will take the organization. The leader is hired by the Board of Directors to maximize the wealth of the stockholders whom they representRead MoreEssay on Situational Leadership Analysis1299 Words   |  6 PagesHersey and Blanchard’s Situational Leadership Theory (SLT) asserts that a leader’s effectiveness is dependent upon the readiness, or ability and willingness, of the leader’s followers to complete a task. This leadership style is an amalgamation of task-oriented and relationship-oriented characteristics that are employed depending upon the situation and the followers involved. According to the SLT, as followers increase in readiness the leader’s style is to adapt accordingly (Kinicki KreitnerRead MoreLeadership Within The Multinational Environment973 Words   |  4 Pagesstrategies have a clear relationship on the role of leadership. Leadership helps shape culture whereas, culture in turn develops leadership and they both drive performance (Para 2 and 3, â€Å"The Impact of Leaders on Culture†, 2012). Leadership in the multinational environment Leadership in a globalized business environment assumes great importance. With cultural differences it is a challenge to manage the workforce and build a cohesive unit. 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Personal Statement For Secondary School Certificate Essay

Steve Jobs once said that the only way to do great work is to love what you do and you must have the courage to follow your heart and intuition. All my life I have been driven by this quote in trying to follow my dreams. Some people are afraid of dreaming or do nothing but dream. But few dream, and work to make their dreams true. I consider myself in the second category. Raised in a strong and secure family, I have been fortunate to have parents who have instilled in me good values and principles, where education has always been given the top priority. I achieved GPA 4.63 out of 5.00 in Secondary School Certificate (SSC) and GPA 4.60 out of 5.00 in Higher Secondary Certificate (HSC) examination. I got Scholarships for excellent result in both primary school certificate (class-5) and junior school certificate (class-8). I finally got myself admitted in the four years Bachelor Degree programme in Geography and Environment at University of Dhaka, the most renowned institution in Bangladesh. I obtained CGPA 3.25 out of 4 at my bachelor degree. I am always fascinated by the geo-visualization and communication of spatial technologies. During my undergraduate level in Geography and Environment, I was taught a variety of courses, such as- Biogeography, Climatology, Geomorphology, Environmental Chemistry, Environmental Ecology, and Environmental Management, Land use Planning Development, Urban Agricultural Geography, Economics and Sociology etc. I was also introduced withShow MoreRelatedPersonal Statement905 Words   |  4 PagesArts in Teaching, BSc. (hons.) Education, Diploma in Teaching PROFESSIONAL GOAL STATEMENTS DEGREE/SPECIALISATION: Ed.D. –SPECIAL EDUCATION PERSONAL/PROFESSIONAL GOALS: A philosopher once wrote that learning is dynamic; and as such graduate school became a natural progression. 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Informative Speech Importance of Art Essay - 1844 Words

Informative Speech Outline General Purpose: To inform the audience about the importance of art Specific Purpose: To inform the audience about the importance of art in the society by stating the impact of art on the society through history, in a cultural point of view, and as a way to convey a message I. Introduction A. Attention Getter: Art is something that could be defined in many ways. It is something created by humans to affect feelings, emotions, and intellects. According to Aristotle: â€Å"Art completes what nature cannot bring to finish. The artist gives us knowledge of natures unrealized ends.† (http://quote.robertgenn.com/auth_search.php?name=Aristotle) B. Reason To Listen: Everyone has been impacted by art†¦show more content†¦Artists switched to a new representation of the world by creating more abstract figures. i. [Slide] The first painting was by Vincent Van Gogh in 1889 named The Starry Night. This painting shows how the artist, during the modern art era, changed the way to conceive art by painting the world in an unrealistic way. ii. [Slide] The second painting is part of the Contemporary period that began after the Second World War. It was made by Andy Warhol in 1967 and named Marilyn. [Blank Slide] iii. Those periods are quite similar regardi ng style. Indeed, those periods signed a rupture with the renaissance by making art unrealistic. B. Art as Symbol of a culture: As seen previously, art evolved and changed through history. However, it didn’t change only through the centuries but as well art changed according to the culture. Art is represented differently and has various criteria in every culture. 1. Europe: Even within the European culture, art is different in each civilization such as the Greek or the Egyptian art, but during the renaissance, European art started to be more homogenous in the style. i. [Slide] This painting was made by Renoir in 1881 and named Luncheon of the Boating Party. It shows people having a lunch in France. The painting shows the culture’s clothing and quotidian life. [Blank Slide] 2. The Americas: The American art differed as well according toShow MoreRelatedPersonal Progression of Public Speaking Essay1143 Words   |  5 Pagespublic speaking ability. Many students, including myself, walk into a speech class thinking that it will be the Easy A of the semester and quite frankly I devoted a good amount of time and hard work to earn my A’s and B’s for this course. 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Activity-Based Costing (Abc); Hunter Company Free Essays

Activity-based Costing (ABC) Hunter Company Emmanuel Achirem ACC 560-Managerial Accounting Dr. Lotfi Geriesh Strayer University 08/04/2012 Activity-based Costing (ABC) Hunter Company, 1 Introduction Over the past two decade’s adoption of Activity-Based Costing ABC has been tossed around like a hot potato by every size and type of organization. It was adopted by organizations ranging in size from huge multi-national companies like General Motors to the much smaller Alexandria Hospital. We will write a custom essay sample on Activity-Based Costing (Abc); Hunter Company or any similar topic only for you Order Now Lanen, Anderson, Maher, 2011) Some companies began the initial processes but stopped short of actual implementation when they discovered more time and resources were needed to effect the change so management ran from it just as they had run from quality improvement concepts from the seventies and eighties. (Romano, 1990) Was this because ABC was not a good fit for the organization or was there a deeper issue? These organizations knew they were not adequately capturing the costs of activities yet they final cost could be. T. J Rodgers who founded Cypress Semiconductor wrote: â€Å"The seeds of business failure are sown in good times, not bad†¦Growth masks waste, extravagance, and inefficiency. The moment growth slows, the accumulated sins of the past are revealed all the way to the bottom line. † (Clemmer, 1992) Given the competitive nature of business today organizations both big and small cannot long afford to ignore the 900 pound gorilla in the room. The goal of this paper is to discuss Time-driven ABC cost system can be implemented and how it has benefited some companies such as Hunter Company. The system was not widely accepted in the beginning, but ABC has play major role in cost accounting today and has help some managers to combat corporate resistance to change when trying to implement it. Operating managers have known for many years that while the traditional costing approach was inaccurate; and archaic it was close enough. Today, because of the global and high speed Activity-based Costing (ABC) Hunter Company, 2 nature of the business environment, the errors of conventional costing are systematic and can affect too many decisions. Time-driven ABC is not a hypothetical improvement to traditional ABC analysis. It has been applied in dozens of companies, helping them to deliver significant profit improvements quickly. The Hunter Company (disguised name of actual company), a large, multinational distributor of scientific products with over 20 facilities, 300,000 customers, and 460,000 product SKUs, processes more than one million orders each month. Hunter already had an existing activity-based costing model that had been built with the assistance of an external consulting team. The insights revealed from the model were extremely informative but many in the company questioned if the view was worth the climb. Their main complaints can be summarized as follows: †¢ The model had been cumbersome to build and maintain. With more than 1,000 activities, the monthly survey of department staff of where they had spent their time was complex and costly. Also, tracking the driver quantities for each activity and customer was difficult. †¢ The model did not reconcile with actual financials since activity cost driver rates had not been updated recently. Despite the already large number of activities, the model was still not considered accurate or granular enough. It did not reflect several important differences between orders. To increase accuracy, more activities would have to be added, and employees would have to be re-interviewed. Also, an additional data extract to track the quantities of the new cost drivers would be required. The existing ABC approach was not easily maintainable, and thus not sustainable. The company called in a software and consulting company to help it implement the time-driven ABC approach. The time-driven approach led to the following changes: For a department, such as the inside sales department, the previous ABC model required employees to estimate, each month, the percentage of their time spent on their three activities: customer set-up, order entry, and order expediting. In the time-driven approach, the ABC team estimated the time required to perform each activity. For example, the activity to set-up a new customer took 15 minutes. Since a field already existed within Hunter’s ERP system that identified whether a customer was new, assigning a customer set-up cost to a new customer became a simple transaction. For order entry, the team learned that every order took about five minutes to enter the basic order information, plus three minutes for each line item on the order. Again this was a simple calculation to implement since the ERP system already tracked the number of line items for each order. Finally, the team learned that order expediting was triggered by a request by the customer to rush the shipment, resulting in an additional 10 minutes of time to coordinate the expediting. The order included a field that identified it is a â€Å"rush order. † The project team could write a simple equation to estimate the Inside Sales Department time required for each order received: Inside Sales Process Time = 15*[New Customer] + 5 + 3*[Number of Line Items] + 10*[Rush] The Inside Sales Department cost for the order was obtained by multiplying this time by the cost per minute of Inside Sales Department resources. This process was replicated in each department to arrive at the total cost of producing, handling, and fulfilling the order. Note that once the team had created the Inside Sales Process algorithm, it did not need to continually re-interview personnel. Each period, the costs of the department would be assigned based on the volume and nature of the transactions it handled. Activity-based Costing (ABC) Hunter Company, 4 The Hunter Company identified the following benefits from shifting its ABC model to the time-driven approach. †¢ It reduced the number of activities to maintain. It transformed 1,200 activities (e. g. , set-up new customer, enter orders, expedite orders) to 200 department specific processes (e. g. , the equation used to estimate Inside Sales Department time). Also, it could easily update the resource cost of each cost center and departments so that its process costs were accurate and current. Its cost estimates were more accurate since they were based on actual observations of processing time and actual transaction data, not subjective estimates on where and how people spent their time †¢ It was easier to increase model accuracy and granularity, when wanted, for high cost and heterogeneous processes. Adding more elements to the time equation enabled managers to easily add more variety and complexity to the model when required. This enabled managers to identify specific SKUs, customers, and processes where improvements could be made. The model was easier to validate. The calculated total process time, based on all transactions in a period, could be reconciled to head count (resources supplied during the period). If the total process time exceeded the actual resources supplied, managers received a signal that some of their unit times were likely too high. If total calculated process time was well below the time supplied, but employees felt they were working at or beyond capacity, managers learned that some of their unit times were under-estimated or employees were working less efficiently than anticipated. Activity-based Costing (ABC) Hunter Company, 5 †¢ The model provided explicit information on processes operating at or beyond capacity, and those operating well below capacity. Managers could take action to relieve bottlenecks expected to persist in future periods, or act to reduce capacity in departments where any unused capacity was expected to persist for several periods into the future. Today, it takes two people, two days per month to load, calculate, validate and report findings, compared to the 10-person team spending over 3 weeks to maintain the previous model. Employees now spend time generating increased profits from the information rather than just updating and maintaining the information. Over the past 15 years, activity-based costing has enabled managers to see that not all revenue is good revenue, and not all customers are profitable customers. Unfortunately, the difficulties of implementing and maintaining traditional ABC systems have prevented activity-based cost systems from being an effective, timely, and up-to-date management tool. The time-driven ABC approach has overcome these difficulties. It offers managers a methodology that has the following positive features: 1. Easy and fast to implement 2. Integrates well with data now available from recently installed ERP and CRM systems 3. Inexpensive and fast to maintain and update 4. Ability to scale to enterprise-wide models 5. Easy to incorporates specific features for particular orders, processes, suppliers, and customers Activity-based Costing (ABC) Hunter Company, 6 6. More visibility to process efficiencies and capacity utilization 7. Ability to forecast future resource demands based on predicted order quantities and complexity These characteristics enable activity-based costing to move from a complex, expensive financial systems implementation to becoming a tool that provides meaningful and actionable data, quickly and inexpensively, to managers. In conclusion, we can see that the methodology behind Activity-Based Costing is sound, and can result in sometimes great savings to a company willing to take the time, effort and expense to implement a plan. Although there are some pitfalls to the process, with perseverance and a solid commitment from management, ABC can be of great benefit to a manufacturing company. Activity-based Costing (ABC) Hunter Company, 7 References C. Argyris and R. S. Kaplan, â€Å"Implementing New Knowledge: The Case of Activity-Based Costing,† Accounting Horizons (September 1994): 83-105. Journal of Cost Management (Winter 1989): 34-46; R. Cooper and R. S. Kaplan, â€Å"Measure Costs Right: Make the Right Decisions,† Harvard Business Review (September-October 1988). http://www. hbs. edu/research/facpubs/workingpapers/papers2/0304/04-0 How to cite Activity-Based Costing (Abc); Hunter Company, Papers

Logistic Issues Supply Chain Management †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Logistic Issues Supply Chain Management? Answer: Introducation The benefit associated with this program is that Barilla can establish better decisions regarding delivery as well as improving their forecasts demand. This will yield in meeting the requirements of end consumers more effectively. The distribution of workload will become more even and therefore the operation of manufacturing and logistics will be smooth. The reduction in inventories to customers can also be achieved. The conflict internal to Barilla created by JITD program is on the current promotional as well as discount policy method. Barilla creates division of each year to 10 to 12 periods of canvass and each of them is corresponding to promotional event. Sales executives of Barilla receive incentives on the achieved sales goal of every period of canvass. This helps in welcoming the distributors for purchasing more products. This also provides encouragement to the distributors for ordering in less frequency, which increases the order quantity for each time. Implementation of JITD is responsible for decreasing the inventory level of Barilla, which will results in increase of inventory for distributors. Therefore, the distributors will order at a less frequency and huge quantity at a time that will pile up the inventory and will cause demand fluctuations (Mohamed 2014). The solutions that can be recommended by being Giorgio Maggiali are as follows: The discount should be provided for orders, which are of long-term and stable. Discounts for the orders of big volume should be restricted. This will help to satisfy market demands, as there will be orders, which are reliable and stable. This will also help in reduction of fluctuations. As every representative is carrying laptops, therefore software can be installed in their systems, which will collect information of distributors warehouse. The distributors work will be saved which will be significant while implementing JITD. Being one of the customers of Barilla, the response to implementation of JITD will be comprised of following sensation: Burden: Barilla needs to report us about the level of inventory as well as sales amounts for each day. This will yields in contradiction of review policy, which will impose additional burden on staff. This will need Barilla for paying the additional costs of staffing. Distrust: It appears, as inventory management by Barilla is better than that of us. Therefore, the shipping amount will be reduced which exhibits that the past predictions made by us is not appropriate. As a counter measures no past, data of sales will be provided us to Barilla and as a result they may face problem in forecasting market demand. Defence: How can Barilla ask sales data? Since sales data are very much confidential, therefore if this data is leaked from Barilla it can help our rivals in getting the information. The other doubt that will rise is Barillas planning of having monopoly supply chain. Therefore, these doubts will give rise to the defensive action like procrastination for responding Barillas demand. The proposed program of JITD will not be feasible as the main issues lies in slow speed of delivery as well as process of rigid production that are been observed in a traditional organisation. Improvement in relations in between departments of logistics, sales and advertisement is needed for redesigning the systems of performance measurement. The customers that are been targeted are the small shops and the new customers. The customers can be convinced with the help of win-win concept. The customers should be convinced that the program of JITD would be worth in trying as it follows the process of win-win concept for every stakeholder by decreasing inventory as well as accelerating the process of delivery with the help of synchronisation. The alternative suggestions are: Reducing product varieties, which are to be provided to the customers as it, is one of the easiest way for dropping least value product. This will also help in reduction of inventories level. Instead of JITD, approach JIT approach can be followed for lean production. JIT strategy as developed by Toyota helped them in achieving success. JIT system is best in the market as the product is not been manufactured until they are not been ordered (YinYin 2014). This helps in accurate forecasting of raw materials, which saves the fund of the organisation. On the other hand the products of Barilla are been completed form different plants. So supporting the program of JITD requires huge effort of redesigning the methods of production. The five ways by of increasing the lead-time are: Information sharing helps in reduction of the processing times of order greatly and therefore reduced lead-times. Accurate estimation of safety stock as well as level of base stocks helps in appropriate forecasting of demand. Implementation of cross docking helps in reducing lead times Utilisation of Electronic Data Interchange helps in reducing the lead-time for information. It also helps for appropriate planning for maintaining inventories level. Implementing high quality network design for optimal distribution helps in excellent logistics operation, which also reduced lead-time (deTreville et al. 2014). Farmers have the competing objectives to produce raw materials. They should harvest more raw materials for selling it to manufactures in large quantities. Manufacturers might not buy raw materials from farmers in a large quantity due to demand fluctuations from the end of distributors. The competing objective for distributors grocery chain arm is to achieve required amount of packets as well as adequate amount of cereals according to the distributors demand. Therefore, the major objective for the distributor is managing the demand uncertainty from retailers end and getting appropriate quantities from manufacturers. Competing objectives of grocery stores is of comprehending and answering to the uncertainty in demand of customers as well as achieving the desired amount of cereals. The advantages to retailers for sharing inventory are: Customers confidence can be won. It will increase the level of sales and service. Profit can be shared with the other retailers from whom the product is obtained Win-Win situation can be created between the customer and dealer The effect of bullwhip can be reduced Lead-time can be reduced which helps in on-time delivery E-Commerce and Internet- The invention of e-commerce and internet gave the customer the desired option of placing the order at any time and any places. Before inception of e-commerce, there was specific time for shopping which affects sales. Internet applications in recent era have integrated database of sales and information of customer demand. For instance, organisation like Amazon has implemented this structure, which allows the customer to order the products and trace those product locations after ordering it (Fernie and Sparks 2014). Technology development assists in improving the effect of bullwhip. The entire supply chain has the capability of undergoing Global optimisation. Express Delivery- This helps in decreasing lead-times which are been significantly involved with each stages of supply chain. Lead-time, which is one of the significant factors for adding supply chain variability, will enhance effect of bullwhip. Availability of options of express delivery like FedEx and UPS helps the suppliers in enhancing shipping components speed to manufactures as well as to retailers warehouse (Christopher 2016). Therefore, express delivery has the capability in resolving bullwhip effect and provides opportunity to the supply chain players to plan well. Collaborative Forecasts- Global optimisation can be attain with help of collaborative forecasts. This step is been assured when every stages in supply chain has the capability of sharing information openly. The existence of concept for sharing information helps in clearing availability of demands of customers, stocks and sales information for every stage of supply chain (Ramanathan 2014). Therefore, every player like manufacturers, retailers, suppliers and manufacturers can utilise equivalent inventory policies in order to control inventory. It reduces bullwhip effect by proper planning, reducing inventory times and maintaining inventory level. Everyday Low Pricing: This one of the best concepts, which allows customers for buying product in regular course. This concept has been utilised by Wal-Mart which helps them in product management in such a way that rate of the product offered for customers may be decreased for periods. The integration of manufacturer with retailer for controlling their inventory helps in achieving this stage. Retailer also needs to share information with manufacturers so that manufacturer has the scope of evaluating the retail stores demand (Gallino and Moreno 2014).This strategy has been successfully implemented by Wal-Mart and is the best method of alleviating bullwhip effect in supply chain. Supply Contracts- Global optimisation can be achieved by supply contracts. This assists the players of supply chains on the ground of long term to share costs and profits as well as decreasing mutual agreements risks through establishing win-win situations. Customers information are been shared by supply contracts in every stage of supply chain. For instance, retailers to the distribution center will share information regarding the demands of customers. If the sale goes past the certain value then the distribution centre will pay incentives to retailers (Sluis and De Giovanni 2016). Therefore, global optimisation can be achieved by supply contracts, which will alleviate bullwhip effect. VMI- VMI also known as Vendor Managed Inventory is also the same concept where manufacturer get the knowledge of customer demand through retailers. The manufacturers then manage and regulates retailer inventory. Retailers have to share information regarding demands of customers as well as sales information to manufacturers for getting involved with VMI. This concept can be implemented to all the stages of upstream as well as it reduces the costs of supply chain by a large margin (Dong, Dresner and Yao 2014). This is achieved by decreasing risk in every stage as well as by improvement of inventory management. Thus, Vendor Management Inventory assists to alleviate bullwhip effects. Reference List Christopher, M., 2016.Logistics supply chain management. Pearson UK. de Treville, S., Bicer, I., Chavez-Demoulin, V., Hagspiel, V., Schrhoff, N., Tasserit, C. and Wager, S., 2014. Valuing lead time.Journal of Operations Management,32(6), pp.337-346. Dong, Y., Dresner, M. and Yao, Y., 2014. Beyond information sharing: An empirical analysis of vendor?managed inventory.Production and Operations Management,23(5), pp.817-828. Fernie, J. and Sparks, L., 2014.Logistics and retail management: emerging issues and new challenges in the retail supply chain. London: Kogan page publishers. Gallino, S. and Moreno, A., 2014. Integration of online and offline channels in retail: The impact of sharing reliable inventory availability information.Management Science,60(6), pp.1434-1451. Khan, S.N., Khan, M.A. and Sohail, R., 2014. The Bullwhip Effect in Different Manufacturing Paradigm: An Analysis. Seria Management,17(1), pp.140-171. MOHAMED, H., 2014.EFFECTS OF ACCESS TO VENTURE CAPITAL ON FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF SMALL AND MEDIUM SIZED ENTERPRISES IN MOMBASA COUNTY(Doctoral dissertation, SCHOOL OF BUSINESS, UNIVERSITY OF NAIROBI). Ramanathan, U., 2014. Performance of supply chain collaborationA simulation study.Expert Systems with Applications,41(1), pp.210-220. Sluis, S. and De Giovanni, P., 2016. The selection of contracts in supply chains: An empirical analysis.Journal of Operations Management,41, pp.1-11. Yinyin, W., 2014. Study on JIT Supply, Demand and Purchasing Model of Ship-building Industry.Logistics Technology,17, p.070

Fundamental of Marketing Brand Positioning

Question: Discuss about theFundamental of Marketingfor Brand Positioning. Answer: Introduction Tesla motors is one of the most renowned car manufacturers of the world, who design luxury electric cars, which helps in providing its targeted segment with the most accurate product. Branding they product of the company is quite necessary as it would help in getting great amount of profits to be incurred (Tansel 2015). Brand positioning of an organization could be done by analysing the following: Product attributes Tesla cars are famous for their electrically affluent cars, with attractive looks. Benefits offered Tesla cars are manufactured by implementing technological facilities that creates an efficient product. Usage occasions the Tesla cars are luxury goods that are used by those who are willing to buy it. Users people with high level income can afford the luxury Model S car of Tesla, therefore, they are targeted by the organization while framing the segmentation, targeting and positioning strategy. Against competitor- the competitors of Tesla are many. Many luxury brand cars like BMW with their one and only i8, Volkswagen Golf GTE and Mercedes B class Hybrid/Electric model are presenting the market. Product class Tesla Model S has been framed as one of the luxurious cars of the world, which is placed high in terms of technology and cost. The above mentioned attributes of the cars manufactured by Tesla shows that it is a luxury item, who has a unique selling proposition of ability to build fully electrically powered vehicles. The attributes of the cars manufactured could be analysed in the following table : Attributes Rate (Excellent, Good, Moderate, Bad, Neutral) Importance Good Distinctive Excellent Pre-emptive Good Unique Good Superior Good Communicable Excellent Affordable Moderate Profitable Excellent Table : Attributes Of The Products Of Tesla Model S (Source : As Created By Author) From the above table, we get hold of the attributes of the car manufacturer company and how do they place themselves among the others. As a positioning statement for the Tesla Model S, it can be stated that the consumers who are concerned about electrically powered luxury cars, Tesla Model S is the one that offers the unique selling proposition at a price that they are willing to pay (Moons and De Pelsmacker 2014). Figure : Brand Position Map For Tesla (Source : As Created By Author) According to positioning map for Tesla model 5, it can be clearly stated that the products of the company are technically powered and modern in nature (Teodorovic 2015). Thereby, it creates a unique selling proposition among its competitors to the buyers of the product. Conclusion Tesla motors Model S is one of the luxury brands in terms of car manufacturing industry. In this report, various marketing structures of the organization have been analysed, where the 4ps of marketing mix have been considered. Mix Current structure Recommendation Explain how the recommendation is both ethically and socially responsible Price Price of cars are high enough which helps in targeting only those people with high income The high price of the car must be accompanies by a percentage of amount to be send on the environmental practices undertaken by the company. This would help in maintaining the ethical structure of the company (Milosheska 2013). The social responsibility of the company to maintain a better environment, thereby contributing a percentage amount of the product on these practices, would enhance the image of the company. Product One of the basic USP of the organization which provides the customer with fully electrified vehicles the product of the company must ensure the customers to reduce the emission of fumes, that would be an additional attribute for the product. This additional attribute would provide a scope of social responsibility of Tesla towards the environment. Promotion Promotional practices of the company for their products have not been up to the mark. Promotional activities of the organization must be well framed, in order to raise the demand of the products. No such social responsibility is aligned with this aspect. Place The product has been displayed all over the world. Being internationally marketed, this product must provide a scope for its customers to create a part of their price paid as a contribution towards the well being of the environment. This would create an important incentive towards the corporate social responsibility of the organization. By keeping the above mentioned attributes, and the alignment of the organization in maintaining better marketing mix strategies, the corporate social responsibility of Tesla has also been considered. This provides a complete analysis of the targeting, brand positioning, marketing mix strategy and the recommendations adhered to Tesla Model S Reference Tansel, A.K., 2015. Marketing Report on" Tesla Motors". Moons, I. and De Pelsmacker, P., 2014. Developing different types of anticipated experience positioning for electric cars.Journal of Brand Management,21(3), pp.216-235. Teodorovic, M., 2015. IMPACT OF SUSTAINABILITY ON BRAND POSITIONING AND VALUE.Economic and Social Development (Book of Proceedings), 5th Eastern European Economic and Social Development, p.291. Milosheska, D., 2013. Tesla Motors, The Reinvention Of The Luxury Sports Car Industry. InGlobal Luxury Trends(pp. 209-223). Palgrave Macmillan UK.

Free Essays on Cellular Phones Are An Advantage

Cellular Phones are an Advantage Dictionary.com defines a cellular phone as a mobile radiotelephone, often in an automobile, that uses a network of short-range transmitters located in overlapping cells throughout a region, with a central station making connections to regular telephone lines. This essentially means that a cell phone is a phone you can basically take and use anywhere. Cell phones have many advantages; they work well for everyday life, increase safety, and show status. Cell phones are used every day and are replacing home phones because of their great price plans and new technology features. You can connect to the Internet from many cell phones that are out today. This feature is very important, especially if you travel frequently for business because you can send and receive emails, check the news, and even chat online. There are also cameras being added on to cell phones. This is a beneficial feature for friends, loved-ones, and businesses. Videophone zone says that, â€Å"In truth, the camera phone will help people of today stay that much closer to those they love.† I often take pictures of clothing or accessory items and send it to my twin sister, Valerie, who lives in Arizona. This helps me know if I should buy the particular item or not. You can also send pictures of yourself to a loved-one you may not get to see often, to help you keep in touch. Camera phones are an advantage for a business because you can also send your partner pict ures of a shirt that you want to buy for a boutique or a shopping center that you would like to purchase, just in case he/she cannot be their with you. Cell phones not only bring families closer by their cameras but also by their family price plans. They make it Yono-2 easier for families to stay connected because you are on the same price plan but you have separate phones. Legg Mason analyst Craig Mallitz said, â€Å"Family plans were a big reason far more people than expected became... Free Essays on Cellular Phones Are An Advantage Free Essays on Cellular Phones Are An Advantage Cellular Phones are an Advantage Dictionary.com defines a cellular phone as a mobile radiotelephone, often in an automobile, that uses a network of short-range transmitters located in overlapping cells throughout a region, with a central station making connections to regular telephone lines. This essentially means that a cell phone is a phone you can basically take and use anywhere. Cell phones have many advantages; they work well for everyday life, increase safety, and show status. Cell phones are used every day and are replacing home phones because of their great price plans and new technology features. You can connect to the Internet from many cell phones that are out today. This feature is very important, especially if you travel frequently for business because you can send and receive emails, check the news, and even chat online. There are also cameras being added on to cell phones. This is a beneficial feature for friends, loved-ones, and businesses. Videophone zone says that, â€Å"In truth, the camera phone will help people of today stay that much closer to those they love.† I often take pictures of clothing or accessory items and send it to my twin sister, Valerie, who lives in Arizona. This helps me know if I should buy the particular item or not. You can also send pictures of yourself to a loved-one you may not get to see often, to help you keep in touch. Camera phones are an advantage for a business because you can also send your partner pict ures of a shirt that you want to buy for a boutique or a shopping center that you would like to purchase, just in case he/she cannot be their with you. Cell phones not only bring families closer by their cameras but also by their family price plans. They make it Yono-2 easier for families to stay connected because you are on the same price plan but you have separate phones. Legg Mason analyst Craig Mallitz said, â€Å"Family plans were a big reason far more people than expected became...

Conjugate Trouver (to Find) in French

Conjugate Trouver (to Find) in French In French, the verb  trouver  means to find. This is a little easier to remember if you think of finding a treasure trove. Beyond that, youll also need to memorize the verbs conjugations in order to say things like the present tense finding and the past tense found. A quick lesson will introduce you to the essential conjugations of  trouver  youll need. The Basic Conjugations of  Trouver Verb conjugations in French are a little trickier than they are in English. Where we use -ing and -ed endings to indicate the present and past tenses, French uses a new ending for each subject pronoun within each tense. That means you have more words to memorize. The good news for French students is that  trouver  is a  regular -er verb. It follows the most common conjugation patterns found in the French language, so the endings you learn here can also be applied to a number of other verbs. Well begin the lesson with the indicative mood, which includes the basic present, future, and imperfect past tenses. Once you know that the verbs radical (or stem) is  trouv-, you can apply the appropriate ending. The chart will help you study these words. Simply pair the subject pronoun with the proper tense for your sentence. For example, I am finding is  je trouve  and we found is  nous trouvions. Practicing these in context will speed up your memorization and there are many common  expressions with  trouver  that can help you out. Present Future Imperfect je trouve trouverai trouvais tu trouves trouveras trouvais il trouve trouvera trouvait nous trouvons trouverons trouvions vous trouvez trouverez trouviez ils trouvent trouveront trouvaient The Present Participle of  Trouver For regular verbs, adding -ant to the verb stem forms the present participle. For trouver, that creates the word trouvant. Trouver  in the Compound Past Tense Beyond the imperfect, you can also use the compound past tense known as the  passà © composà ©. This requires a simple construction using the  auxiliary verb  avoir  and the  past participle  trouvà ©. The only conjugation you need to worry about here is for  avoir.  Youll use the present tense that matches the subject, then attach the past participle. For example, I found is  jai trouvà ©Ã‚  and we found is  nous avons trouvà ©. More Simple Conjugations of  Trouver Among the other simple conjugations youll want to study for  trouver  are the subjunctive and the conditional. They both have some degree of uncertainty in the act of finding, with the conditional implying that its dependent on something else happening. There may also be times when youll encounter or use the passà © simple  or  imperfect subjunctive. However, all of the other forms should be your top priority as these are only used on occasion. Subjunctive Conditional Passà © Simple Imperfect Subjunctive je trouve trouverais trouvai trouvasse tu trouves trouverais trouvas trouvasses il trouve trouverait trouva trouvà ¢t nous trouvions trouverions trouvà ¢mes trouvassions vous trouviez trouveriez trouvà ¢tes trouvassiez ils trouvent trouveraient trouvà ¨rent trouvassent The imperative  form  is the only one that doesnt require the subject pronoun. Its used in short sentences and instead of  tu trouve, you can simplify it to  trouve. Imperative (tu) trouve (nous) trouvons (vous) trouvez

Choose one of the 5 questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Choose one of the 5 questions - Essay Example The purpose of this research paper is to summarize the company’s strategic plan for the next three to five years. In discussing, this document will describe the company’s overall business strategy and IT department strategic plan in ensuring that it align with the business priorities and financial justifications. Further, the researcher will be looking at some of the current strategic issues the company is facing. Business Strategy and Capabilities Medtronic is a global company whose headquarter is located in Minneapolis Minnesota. Historically, the company started developing their facilities in 1967 when the first service center was created in Amsterdam’s Schipohl followed by Kerkrade located in Netherlands. Today, the company has expanded so much that there are facilities all over in the world. It is important to understand how the company has been progressing for the past years and the main challenges that need to be met to achieve their strategic plan. Accord ing to Medtronic, Inc, for the past five years, the company has shown a remarkable growth in sales and revenue (Ford, 2013 B). Despite the noted progress, the company has identified a number of challenges that needed to be solved. ... In this case, the IT cost drivers should be considered when establishing the company’s strategies and objectives as discussed in the following section. Establishing Priorities Studies show that, Medtronic IT department provides the company with excellent products and services across the globe (Michelson, 2013). To fully succeed in the competitive world, IT departments needs to understand the functional team required and how they can utilize their services to solve the challenges identified. For instance, the IT department needs to develop software that tracks the clinical trial data; the company needs to look into China or India since these countries have a high number of graduates’ students each year who are competent and experienced and they would cost the company one quarter of the salaries they would earn in the United States (DeRosa, 2013). Furthermore, this report makes the following suggestion, for the IT department, as a means of solving their challenges. First, the department needs to create a strong IT team that would support and implement the goals and objectives set by the strategy team. There is a need to have a team that would conduct analysis that would enhance positive growth in the company and ensure that there is a small group of IT staff that facilitate daily activities (Oppenheimer, 2013). The IT standardization would help the Company to lower costs and provide opportunities to innovate new products. Overall, the IT department’s information of the business world would help the company achieve its missions and values. Background Medtronic is headquartered in Minneapolis and was founded in the year 1949. It is an international supplier of

Issues in Contemporary media and cultural studies(Journal) Essay

Issues in Contemporary media and cultural studies(Journal) - Essay Example Hacking can be dated back to 1978 in the earlier days of Bell Telephone Companies, where earliest mischief’s of application of modern community were experienced. However, at the moment it was not known as hacking. This paper aptly examines the theoretical and contextual perspective of hacking. It also examines the comparison of various types of hacking and evaluation with their interpretations. It further examines the social and political hacking of media. Hacking comes with different and conflicting definitions. For the purpose of this paper, Hacking is defined to â€Å"unauthorized access to a computer network† (Kumar, 2012, P.1). Hacking can also be defined as the use of various software methodologies using programming experimentation to achieve intended ill gain. According to Kumar (2012), hacking can be stated as unauthorized intrusion; hence the act of gaining access to a computer network with an absence of legal authority. The person who performs the act is a hacker. However, it must be noted that not all hackers are bad (Kumar, 2012), since the government and some huge companies use hackers to maintain their computer network security in order (Rogers 1994).Computer intrusion is regarded as unethical act (Doss, Smith &Yurcik, 2001), and there are laws that have been passed for purposes of prosecuting such acts (Spafford, 1992, p.7), hence it is regarded that once an individual uses his hacking ability to perpetrate a cri me, he is deemed as a criminal (Doss, Smith &Yurcik, 2001). Numerous debates have sparked off in matters regarding to ethical hacking and crime intrusion (Doss, Smith &Yurcik, 2001, p.54). Ethical intrusion is associated with ethical hackers who tend to utilize their knowledge in hacking to improve the system (Doss, Smith &Yurcik, 2001). Conversely, illegal hacking has continued to enjoy triumph celebration from hacking community. According to Leeson, hacking has a long

Causes of the Fall of the Roman Republic

Causes of the Fall of the Roman Republic This paper discusses the statement, â€Å"The Roman Republic was brought down not by luxury or corruption but by fundamental flaws in the structure of its political system†. As will be argued, a statement such as this can only be discussed in relative, not absolute, terms, as no one cause for the demise of the Roman Republic can ever, realistically, be said to have been the factor that caused it’s fall. Under this framework, then, the first section of the paper discusses the various theories that have been posited to explain the fall of the Roman Republic, with the second section looking, in detail, at the political structure of the Roman Republic and how this could potentially have contributed to its ultimate demise. Gibbon’s great tome The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire essentially concludes that the Roman Empire was brought down through moral decadence. Other authors have argued for different reasons behind the fall of the Roman Republic, with recent scholars (for example Hunt et al., 2001) arguing that the Republic did not fall, rather that it was subject to a highly complex transformation, with additional confusion amongst scholars as to when the Republic actually fell: some argue that the Republic fell in 476 with the deposition of Romulus Augustus; others argue that the Republic continued until as late as 1453, and that it fell only when Constantinople was lost. This next section will present some of the most prevalent theories about the fall of the Roman Republic. Ferrill (1998) has argued that the Roman Republic fell due to it’s barbarization, that the influx of German mercenaries in to the Roman military led to lack of loyalty and complacency amongst the Roman ranks, leading to a surge in decadence amongst the Roman soldiers and citizenry. This somewhat supports Gibbon’s (1983) assertion that decadence was responsible for the fall of the Roman Republic. Gibbon’s The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire essentially concludes that the Roman Empire was brought down through moral decadence, as he argues, through the loss of what he terms ‘the loss of civic virtue’. The influx of barbarian mercenaries, coupled with the rising popularity of Christianity, Gibbon argues, led the Roman populace to come to believe more in the afterlife, leading to the loss of social structures, and, ultimately, leading to the fall of the Roman Republic. Other historians contradict this theory of Gibbons (1983) and Ferrill (1998), arguing that the Roman Republic continued to be strong right up until the Muslim conquests in the seventh century, at which point these conquests, amongst other things, disrupted trade routes, leading to a general economic downturn in Western Europe. It is argued that this economic downturn led, ultimately, to the disbandment of the Roman way of life, leading to the ultimate fall of the Roman Republic. This theory has, however, been recently rebutted by a number of historians who have argued that trade routes would not have been so badly affected, that trade must have entered Western Europe by some other route as the discovery, and therefore existence, of Islamic currency in Roman areas is suggestive of a two-way trade. Economic explanation for the fall of the Roman Republic are popular, however, and will be looked at in further detail later in the paper. Bury’s 1923 History of the Later Roman Empire presents in-depth research in to the issue of the fall of the Roman Republic and concludes with a complex theory to explain it’s fall. Essentially, Bury (1923) argues that the Roman Republic fell due to many simultaneously occurring factors, such as a general economic decline in the region, the influence of German (Barbarian) troops on Roman soldiers, and the dependence of Roman military leaders on Barbarian manpower, the depopulation of Italy[1], various murders and treasons that occurred within the top ranks of Roman politics, and the absence of any convincing leader following the murder of Aetius. As Bury clearly states in his concluding sections, Roman power gradually collapsed, and â€Å"†¦.was the consequence of a series of contingent events.†. As he argues, no general causes can be assigned, and nothing suggested to him, through his research, that the fall of the Roman republic was by any means inevitable. Bark (1958) argues that it was the massive effort that was involved in keeping the Roman Republic together that, ultimately, led to its fall. Around this time, feudalism was developing, yet the Roman ruling classes were not well organized in terms of having a system in place to collect taxes from their people, such that it became the responsibility of the middle classes to undertake the massive task of collecting grain taxes. As such, only a small proportion of these taxes actually arrived back to the Imperial government, leading to massive losses in revenues for the Roman rulers, having massive side-effects, such as decreased investment in the Roman military, for example. In addition, currency inflation, through a reduced supply of gold in to the Republic (see Jones, 1974) led to the government leaking money, with their stock of cash being reduced, leading, ultimately, to massive cash flow problems for the Republic, with obvious implications, in terms of funding the military and fun ding public building projects, for example. These two factors, occurring in conjunction, argues Bark (1958) led to the ultimate demise of the Roman Republic. Toynbee (1939) preceded Bark’s (1958) logic that the Roman Republic was an economically poor force, with his detailed research showing that Roman leaders had no budgeting system in place, leading to obvious problems with controlling cash flow, leading, ultimately, to a dwindling of whatever cash resources were available and to a lack of cash availability for providing for military expenditure, or public works, for example. This method of budgeting had proved successful as long as the Romans continued to expand into other areas, from which they could loot existing resources, but as soon as the Roman Republic stopped expanding, this source of revenue also stopped. At this point, the Romans, without an adequate budgeting system, coupled with loss of tax money through an inadequate collection system, coupled with currency inflation (see, also, Jones, 1974), faced massive economic problems, causing, it is argued, the ultimate demise of the Roman Republic (Toynbee, 1939). Building on this theory, Tainter (1990) argues that the fall of the Republic was due to marginal returns on investments, again contributing to cash flow problems for the Republic as a whole, ultimately contributing to its decline; unlike many authors who study the collapse of the Roman Republic, Tainter (1990) argues strongly that the fall of the Roman Republic may have been a good thing for many Roman subjects, in terms of benefits arising from not having to invest in maintaining such a complex society (i.e., no taxes to pay etc.) and indeed, archeological evidence, through studies of human bones pre- and immediately post- the fall of the Roman Republic, post-fall, humans were better nourished. Rostovtzeff (1957) also subscribes to this economic theory of the fall of the Roman Republic, arguing that the free trade market economy developed by the Roman Republic worked up until the debasement of the currency in the third century, at which point inflation began to hurt citizens, who then began to move away from urban areas, to move to the country in order to undertake subsistence farming as a way of surviving i.e., they could grow their own crops for food, and in this way not have to rely on failing monetary sources to keep them alive. Bartlett (1994) continues the work of Toynbee (1939) arguing that by the third century monetary taxation had been replaced with direct requisitioning, where food and cattle, instead of money, were collected directly from farmers. This pathway, argues Bartlett (1994) led directly to the development of feudalism, with estates formed around the cultivation of crops and cattle, and not, as such, dependent on any form of trade whatsoever. This, on a grand scale, Republic-wide, is then argued to have led to a massive downturn in the economic fortune of the Republic, and to a decrease in its military capability, for example, with, again, obvious consequences for maintaining control over the entire Roman territory. The research of Heather (2005) leads to conclusions about the fall of the Roman Republic which differ from previous theories: he argues that the emergence of the Persian Empire led to the Roman Republic stripping tax collection from its Eastern edge, leading to a decline in economic revenues, a decline in governance in these areas, and a mass influx of peoples to the empire, for example, by the Barbarians, leading to massive levels of immigration to the Roman Republic, leading to obvious social problems. Through his exhaustive research, Heather explicitly rejects Gibbon’s ‘moral decadence’ theory for the decline of the Roman Republic. Neither does he see any validity in the arguments of those who support political infighting as the major reason for the fall of the Roman Republic. Heather supports the arguments of Bury (1923) who argues that the fall of the Roman Republic was not inevitable but that it occurred as a result of a series of events which, unfortunately , came together at the same time, and which, ultimately, led to the fall of the Republic. Heather’s viewpoint is argued against by Ward-Perkins in his 2005 book The Fall of Rome and the End of Civilisation which argues, in a similar manner to previous historians assessments of the situation, that the fall of the Republic occurred as a result of political instability, foreign invasions and economic instability due to reduced tax revenues. The massive, and sustained, immigrations of foreigners, such as the barbarians, Ward-Perkins (2005) argues, led to a weakening of the tax base, leading to an inability to equip the Roman army, with obvious deleterious consequences. Ward-Perkins, ultimately, however, argues, as do Bury (1923) and Heather (2005) that the fall of the Roman Republic was due to a complex mixture of processes and events which came together at the same time to lead to a definite fall in the Roman Republic. Levick (1982) looks at the morals and political system of the Roman Republic, and their relation to its fall. She argues that ‘ambitio’ – ambition – led to major political difficulties during the last century of the Roman Republic, with a thirst for ultimate power leading to in-fighting and political problems. As Levick (1982) argues, however, it is difficult to infer the Roman political structure from contemporary documentation, as much is contradictory, but it can be inferred that the Roman constitution and community was a self-regulating device, kept in perpetuity and in check by a series of checks and balances that prevented disintegration from within and also made the community better able to cope with threats from outside. To Romans, however, as Levick (1982) argues, this political system was seen explicitly as a moral obligation, with anything that upset the political balances being seen as something undesirable and immoral. Levick argues that, ultim ately, the political system had a built-in tension between the group and the individual, and that, ultimately it was this in-built tension that led to the death of the Roman Republic, through squabbles for individual power which led to the breakdown of Roman society. As we have seen in this paper, therefore, there are many different explanations for the fall of the Roman Republic, with the main theories being economic demise, immigration and overtaking by Barbarians and other groups, and political infighting which, it is argued, led to the ultimate demise of the Roman Republic through a disintergration of the moral fibre of Roman society. As to which theory of the fall of the Roman Republic one subscribes to, this depends on the literature that has been studied, and the quality of the sources used within that literature. Heather (2005) and Gibbons (1983), for example, both use quality primary sources, and yet arrive at different conclusions for the reasons behind the fall of the Roman Republic. It is perhaps most prudent, at this stage, therefore, to argue that a statement such as â€Å"The Roman Republic was brought down not by luxury or corruption but by fundamental flaws in the structure of its political system† can only be discussed in relative, not absolute, terms, as no one cause for the demise of the Roman Republic can ever, realistically, be said to have been the factor that caused it’s fall. The present paper has thus presented the various theories for the fall of the Roman Republic in this framework, in terms of offering a holistic view of the situation on the ground around the time of the fall; fundamental flaws in the Roman political system were, as we have seen, just one part of a complex situation which, together, led to the fall of the Roman Republic. References Bark, W.C., 1958. Origins of the Medieval World. Bartlett, B., 1994. How Excessive Government Killed Ancient Rome. The Cato Journal 14(2), pp. Available online from http://www.cato.org/pubs/journal/cjv14n2-7.html. Accessed on 23rd April 2007. Bury, J.B., 1923. History of the Later Roman Empire from the Death of Theodesius I to the Death of Justinian. Ferrill, A., 1998. The Fall of the Roman Empire: The Military Explanation. Gibbon, E., 1983 (Reprint edition). The decline and fall of the Roman Empire. London: Penguin Classics. Gunderson, G., 1976. Economic Change and the demise of the Roman Empire. Explorations in Economic History 13(1), pp.43-68. Heather, P.J., 2005. The Fall of the Roman Empire. Hunt, L. et al., 2001. The Making of the West, Peoples and Cultures, Volume A: To 1500. Bedford: St. Martins Press. Jones, A.H.M., 1974. Inflation under the Roman Empire. Economic History Review 5(3), pp.293-318. Kagan, D., 1992. The End of the Roman Empire: Decline or Transformation? (Problems in European Civilisation). Houghton Mifflin. Levick, B., 1982. Morals, politics and the fall of the Roman Republic. Greece Rome 29(1), pp.53-62. Rostovtzeff, M., 1957. The social and economic history of the Roman empire. London: Oxford University Press. McNeill, W.H., 1976. Plagues and Peoples. Millar, F., 1984. The political character of the Classical Roman Republic. The Journal of Roman Studies 74, pp.1-19. Tainter, J.A., 1990. The collapse of complex societies. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Toynbee, A.J., 1939. A study of history: Volume IV. The breakdown of civilisations. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Ward-Perkins, B., 2005. The Fall of Rome: and the End of Civilisation. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Footnotes [1] McNeill (1976) argued in his book Plagues and Peoples that a plague swept through the Roman Republic, leading to a massive population decline in Western Europe.